Community health nursing(strategies for community health promotion) Essay

Community health nursing(strategies for community health promotion) - Essay Example There are four phases identified in the program outline. Nutritional aspects are identified as the means to improve the health of the community as a whole. The roles of the community health personnel in the program are discussed. The stress is on the role of the community nurse, as the community nurse is required to play several roles, each of which is vital to the successful outcome of the program. In this manner the various aspects that go into the development of a program for improving the health of communities, as a part of efficient public health are discussed in the formulation of the program outline. The objective is to develop a program outline for promoting health in an economically disadvantaged community. In the process goals and objectives to encourage better health in the economically disadvantaged community would be identified. In addition two frameworks or models that influence community change towards the identified goals and objectives would be evaluated. Finally the role of the community health service worker in facilitating the program goals and objectives of health promotion in the economically disadvantaged community would be evaluated. 2. Relevance: Promotion of health in disadvantaged communities is becoming more relevant, as disadvantaged communities around the world are on the increase, and found to have very poor health parameters in comparison to their more prosperous counterparts (Heath & Haines, 2000). Therefore, for two reasons it becomes important that efforts be directed at disadvantaged communities to increase health awareness, and better health parameters. The first reason is that societal equality norms demand that these communities not be left out in the advantages that developments of science and technology have given humankind in the understanding of the nature of diseases and

Changes in american family during world war 2 Research Proposal

Changes in american family during world war 2 - Research Proposal Example During this period, President Roosevelt of America advocated that for the greatest level of loyalty from the citizens, both men and women. While joining the army was a career dominated by men, World War 2 saw women join in war to reinforce the army and this became a new change in the family structure; a family where both a husband and wife would be in war and children would be left under the care of their grandparents or under a foster parent. In response to the call of the president, many women were enrolled in the army and they set out to take part in the world war. The entry of women in the war was one of the causes of family instability. Witwoski seems to refer to the massive killing that was witnessed during the war that has been regarded as source of family breakdown by many authors of history. In the event of the war, a good number of army members lost their life and the consequence of this is that many children were orphaned. Coupled with the massive killing that was evidence during this period, many parents lost their lives and children were left homeless and unattended. Resultantly, orphaned children became victims of circumstances and most of them became part of the poverty-stricken population in America. Secondly, one of the most significant implications of the war was that most men went to war leaving behind their wives. In this case, many women had to step in and take the role of men in the family. This saw many women change from home care takers to breadwinners of the family.... Secondly, one of the most significant implications of the war was that most men went to war leaving behind their wives. In this case, many women had to step in and take the role of men in the family. This saw many women change from home care takers to breadwinners of the family. More notably, most of the men killed in the war had to leave their families in disarray. This meant that the women left behind had to become single mothers perhaps for the rest of their lifetime. However, others may have opted to get married again, causing the children to have multiple fathers. While it was a temporary solution to family crisis, this is an issue that brought about a change in the family structure, and America had to appreciate family structures that had not previously been witnessed in this state. Thirdly, this was a period in which the highest order of racism was manifested in the history of America. The Black Americans and the Japanese were among the races that were greatly affected by the sudden surge of racism in this period of war. On the West coast, Americans who had a Japanese descent were discriminate and as the tension of the war heightened they were forced into isolation camps. This was a sensitive matter to the family structure at a period when intermarriage had already penetrated in America. American wives who had married Japanese men were subjected to permanent widowhood and they became a vulnerable part of the society. In addition, Black American experienced a high level of seclusion especially in the job market, and getting a job was not easy in America. If they could get any employment, it would be manual labor and the wage would well below 64 cents (Wheeler 19). Therefore, the Black American families continued to wale in poor health and feeding habits, with

Analysis of the Engineering Industry

Analysis of the Engineering Industry Executive summery: In the assignment below, the engineering industry is critically analyzed by studying its characteristics, identifying and analyzing its key areas and its current position and how it is affected by micro and macro environmental factors. All these analysis is done by using analytical tools like Porters Five Forces framework, PESTEL analysis, Industry Life-Cycle analysis, drivers of change within the industry, etc. The mechanical industry after carefully analyzed, important future long scenarios have been made demonstrating on how the industry will act and perform in innovative long term run based on the present analysis and trends in that particular industry. Also, one most likely situation has been identified, with relevant reasons, which the industry will most likely to face in the future. The entire assignment is based on the engineering industry in Indian markets being considered as the support to conduct appropriate researches. Introduction to the industry: The industry is one of the biggest and most refined in India and also in the world which provides the latest technology not only to the fast growing multinational companies but also to the global market. Some of the worlds biggest engineering companies largely depend on the automotive industry of India. It is a diverse industry with a number of segments, and can be broadly categorized into two segments as follows: (1) Heavy engineering (2) Light engineering The engineering sector is relatively less fragmented at the top, as the competencies required are high, while it is highly fragmented at the lower end (e.g. unbranded transformers for the retail segment) and is dominated by smaller players. The engineering industry in India manufactures a wide range of products, with heavy engineering goods accounting for bulk of the production. Most of the leading players are engaged in the production of heavy engineering goods and mainly produces high-value products using high-end technology. Requirement of high level of capital investment poses as a major entry barrier. Consequently, the small and unorganised firms have a small market presence. The light engineering goods segment, on the other hand, uses medium to low-end technology. Entry barrier is low on account of the comparatively lower requirement of capital and technology. This segment is characterized by the dominance of small and unorganized players which manufacture low-value added products. Classification of the Engineering Sector in India http://www.dnb.co.in/Engineering/images/Classification.gif Source: http://www.dnb.co.in/Engineering/overview.asp Portors five forces framework: Following are the external environment of engineering industry by analyzing the Porters 5 forces: https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjij2Q3kmgY_5dLGlBlpDIzHB8UP5TjXOa8mPHJM66kyvEnJ-MwDE_OEvVfMRWgjZK0LZuSc4LZLc3LdgtqxXTwI_6XcVHy_m7MZkAs1AnRoGtLpf7mppk9wxxWN_Ix50mNBMdoGEekeM4j/s400/porter.jpg Source:https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjij2Q3kmgY_5dLGlBlpDIzHB8UP5TjXOa8mPHJM66kyvEnJ-MwDE_OEvVfMRWgjZK0LZuSc4LZLc3LdgtqxXTwI_6XcVHy_m7MZkAs1AnRoGtLpf7mppk9wxxWN_Ix50mNBMdoGEekeM4j/s400/porter.jpg The five forces are as follows: 1 The threat of new entrants: The threat of new entrants for engineering industry in India it is a very low threat Factors to examine for this threat of new entrant in India is include all barriers to entry into this market such as upfront capital requirements, brand equity (a new firm may have none), legislation and government policies, (safety) ability to distribute the product . 2 The bargaining power of buyers/customers: Customers consider both purpose and price; the engineering companies are attempting to produce engineering products that compete in various price segments. In India bargaining power is lower which is creating a more favorable situation for the engineering industry but not the buyers. The quantity a buyer purchases is usually a good factor in determining this force, even in the engineeringwhen buyers only usually purchase one \ at a time, they still possess considerable power (Car freaks, 2008-10). However, this may be different in other markets. 3. The threat of substitute: In Singapore the threat of substitute is high because of the numerous other forms of transportation substitutes are available, but none of them offer the utility, convenience, independence, and value afforded by sport cars. Substitutes such as rental cars, Sport bike industry, Rental Sport car clubs like Luxe sport club in Singapore Millionaire asia singapore, 2010). (For details please refer Appendix no 4) 4 The bargaining power of supplier: The bargaining power of supplier is low in Singapore because of the availability of substitutes and the amount of competition in the sport car industry. Suppliers dont have a great deal of influence in the terms of supplying the sport cars parts. The sport car industry which refers to all the suppliers for the parts, such as tires, components, electronics, and even the assembly line workers. Some suppliers are small firms who rely on the carmakers, and may only have one carmaker as a client. So this force can be tricky to evaluate in the sport car industry in Singapore market (For details please refer to appendix no 5). 5. The competitive rivalry within an industry: In Singapore sport car industry competition between existing automobile companies is high because sport car carmakers are engaged in fierce competition. Prices, ad campaigns, and product developments keep them on the edge of innovation and profitability. Margins are low and pressure between rivals is high. This may cause the sport industry earning lower profits when the cost of the competition is high (Car freaks, 2008-10). PESTEL ANALYSIS: Source:http://www.business.gov.sg/NR/rdonlyres/06030A45-6CCF-45BC-8F2C-F2833D5D44B4/6514/entrepreneurguide.pdf Well use the PESTEL to analyze the macro-environmental changes and influences on the engineering industry; Political: Majority of the companies like, etc. have their manufacturing plants in India because of cheap labour and low cost of production. But these countries are usually politically unstable and can create hindrance for the companies. Economic: Economic slowdown such as the recent recession can have negative impact on production and sales of the engineering companies. Also other economic factors like the economic policies of European Union member countries make it tougher for the industry participants to penetrate the engineering market. Socio-cultural: The social and cultural restraints and obligations directly affect the buying pattern of people, the brand loyalty, female share of the market, etc. also the companies now-a-days thrive to keep up with corporate social responsibility to maintain their Public relegation status. Technological: The technology keeps changing and varying from place to place. Techonology plays a vital part in the engineering industry. The engineering manufacturing companies have to keep abreast with the changing technology so as not to give a competitive edge to competitors by speeding up their change of products and designing ability. Environmental: Many industry participants have become aware of environmental hazards and are putting in efforts to do their bit for environment and the society with activities like Legal: Companies in the engineering industry in India face many legal matters usually pertaining to labour wages, working conditions, etc. or that of contract manufacturing and copying of products or ones related to trade agreement. Structural drivers of change for Engineering industry: I have identified some of the drivers of changes that have impact on the engineering industry. The following are the structural drivers which bring about changes in the industry; Technology: Technology is the most vital driver of change in engineering industry. Introduction of internet has sky-rocketed the sales for the companies. Also it helps the RD departments to come out with new engineering products quickly and efficiently. Industry driver: lamborghini_headquarters_italy Source:http://www.egmcartech.com/wpcontent/uploads/2008/05/lamborghini_headquarters_italy.jpg Related and supporting industries are extremely important because engineering product manufacturers live and die by creative and innovative design engineering (Automotive industry, 2010). India offers support to other industries such as, steel, rubber, petroleum, oil gas, transportation industries. Indias infrastructural facilities helps to setup a engineering industry in form of power supply, machinery, capital, raw materials and labour which will raise foreign direct investments have led to the rapid growth in terms of engineering goods production and exports (European foundation, 2004). Mergers and Take-overs:- t=1usg=__vO8BPfXSsu76pCVOchvBejU2hUg= Source: http://www.vr-fullerton.com/images/223069.jpg One of the most significant drivers of growth in the engineering industry is the trend of mergers and acquisitions. Such buyouts and mergers enable manufactures to build up their technology and service scale up to the mark, the two factors essential to gain competitive edge. Outsourcing of design and engineering functions, leading to growth in companies offers high value-added Services. Life cycle model for the industry: C:UsersVishikadDesktoplife cycle.bmp Source: Adopted from (Johnson et al., 2008) The Engineering industry as per the life cycle model shown above is currently at the Shakeout stage for the following reasons: The buyers are becoming more selective of their purchases due to brand loyalty and performance according to their own preferences taste. Also as far as the competitive conditions are concerned, the major engineering products manufactures have started innovations and sales promotion activities to attract more and more buyers towards companys product range. The engineering companies also trying to shakeout their industry rivals by acquisition or merger processes with other engineering manufactures. This way they can have their monopoly over the engineering markets as well as minimising the competition within the engineering sector. Scenarios for Long term future of the industry: The following scenarios based on the research on Indias engineering industry that indicates the possible long term future of the industry (1) Scenario: Increase in sales, product diversification advanced RD: The attitude of selling the products into engineering market is changing day by day. Engineering companies trying to connect with the customer directly. This will done by opening up showroom or signing contracts with large MNCS like Also the engineering product makers will focus on advanced RD whereby, they not only focus onperticular group of buyers. Also the companies are diversifying their products more too international engineering product manufactures. This scenario will benefit the industry in the following manner; It will help engineering companies to connect with their buyers and thus understand their likes, dislikes and expectations, preferences about companies offering. The companies can get direct feedback on their products so that they can improve on overall performance of the company. .Most Likely Scenario: The most likely scenario applicable in the future is the 3rd scenario. Following are the reasons supporting my conclusion; The companies can alter their engineering products, design as per the customer reaction to their previous products. This can be done by feedbacks and data collected which wont be lost or manipulated as itll directly go to the company. The companies are already starting to do intense and advanced RD to introduce new technological aspects The customers are always keen on trying out new exciting products and the failure of such products is very rare. Also the Engineering industry is growing at a rapid pace. All other industries are now trying to sell their products at retail prices which is the same the Engineering industry is going to do in the future. Conclusion: In India the future of engineering industry seems encouraging. In terms of the expected surge in global demand and rise in foreign investments. Several trends such as developed markets, globalization, technology advances, regulation and environmental consideration, and market fragmentation and product diversification will result in the rapid growth of this Engineering industry in India.

Big Brother is Watching: Get Over It! Essay -- essays research papers

Big Brother is Watching: Get Over It!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In George Orwell’s book, 1984, the very existence of every person is scrutinized by their form of government called the Party. The main character, Winston Smith, is constantly monitored throughout his daily life by the telescreen, â€Å"an oblong metal plaque like a dulled mirror† (1), placed strategically so that it can see and hear everything that is going on around him. In America society today we are seeing a movement that can be classified as â€Å"Orwellian† as it relates to this very subject of surveillance, the Internet. The similarities between the telescreen and the free access of the Internet cannot be ignored and as our country is dealing with terrorism, we must be willing to endure some lose of independence that we have gained through the World Wide Web.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One similarity easily noted between the telescreen and the Internet is that they both can not be turned off. The telescreen â€Å"could be dimmed, but there was no way of shutting it off completely† (2). On the other hand, you may think that you are turning off the Internet when you shut down your computer, but in fact it stays on twenty-four hours a day. They are both viewed through a monitor, whereas the telescreen is forcibly two-way where you can be seen and heard, the computer gives you a choice. Some people invite others into their homes via the internet with the use of webcams, cameras that are attached to your computer and...

Meditech Organization and Systematic Issues Essay

1. What are Meditech’s problems in introducing new products? In manufacturing ALL products? Meditech was continuously turning its products obsolete by introducing new products. Every time a new product was introduced it resulted in serious supply problems, which in turn resulted in the dissatisfaction of customer due to poor service resulting from each product introduction. The variation of production schedules was often higher than variation in demand. Another problem was monthly forecasting that was the base of determining assembly schedules and parts orders. 2. What is driving these problems, both systematically and organizationally? The driver of the problem was the way to determine the production planning and scheduling. The Material Requirement Plan (MRP) system, which determines assembly schedules and part orders was based on three components one of them is the monthly forecast which was an erroneous approach. Customer Service and Distribution department could not figure out why Meditech consistently had shortages with each product introduction. Their distribution system was decentralized; the information existed on many systems in several different areas of the organization which make it even more difficult to realize what the problems were. 3. Why is the customer service manager the first person to recognize major issues? Customer services deals with everything from occasional customer complaints to establishing strategies to improve delivery to customers. Customer service department noticed that customers were becoming tired of the poor service resulting from each introduction. Through many meetings with hospital material managers, they began to realize about its customer’s frustrations when handling new products. 4. How would you fix these problems? The demand of any product is higher during the introduction stage and growth stage after that the demand of that same product will decrease during the maturity stage, therefore the supply could also be reduced so they won’t experiment surplus. As the book suggested I would change the method of planning production schedules. Instead of using monthly forecasting they should use more simple statistical methods. 5. Relate the learning of this case to a similar supply chain with which you are familiar? I’m familiar with a different industry that can experiment supply and demand differences, it is the case of restaurant distributors. Certain foods such as fruits and vegetables become obsolete in a very short period of time, so the distributors may get a lost if they don’t receive orders from restaurants, that is the reason why if there is an unexpected increase in demand they must be ready and have a back up or find a way to supply their customers, or else the distributors can lose customers. Restaurants on the other hand might have ten customers one day and seventy the next day so they also need a prestigious supplier to rely on in the case of sudden demand.

Business in sport †SWOT analysis for DONFI Essay

Business in Sport Identify the Market Research methods that are used in two selected sports Organisations. I will start this assignment by explaining that market research is the gathering of information and studying the data collected relating to the consumers preference. This gives a company an insight prior to introducing a product on to the market. For my first sports company I will choose DONFI. I will start by doing a SWOT analysis, then explain the 4 P’s relating to market research and lastly PEST. A SWOT analysis stands for, Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. So I can relate this to DONFI by explaining that their- STRENGTHS- are that the company came up with an idea of producing t-shirts which a variety of people would buy, they knew they would be unique as the designs were imported from America. The costs were aimed at students not earning a great deal of money this insured the t-shirts would gain interest but at the same time they were still priced so the company would be making profit. Lastly the team that started the company had great belief in the products to succeed which made selling them easier. WEAKNESSES- The fact that DONFI had only a couple of months to get the company up and running made it hard especially as once we got it running there was again only a few months to sell all the produce. This meant that everyone needed to be dedicated. Also the area in which the produce was being sold was the best DONFI could have but would have been better if they had more than one sales area. Another issue would be that if we were to run out of stock we would have to bulk order the next batch which may be too many. OPPORTUNITIES- DONFI would need to think about expanding their sales area in the future to increase sales. They could also expand on their stock by this I mean that they could introduce more designs in perhaps a variety of coloured t-shirts and also bring in smaller t-shirts rather than large as the demand seemed to be greater. THREATS- The threats to this company are that they need to stay aware of other competition wanting to start similar companies and also the designs used may become more common from larger outsider companies. DONFI also need to be aware that the team is going to have to break apart some day down to a variety of interests and future aspirations of individuals. The 4 P’s relating to Marketing stand for Product, Price, Promotion and Place. I will now relate these to DONFI- PRODUCT- This can be either a good product like the idea of the unique T-shirts or a good service provided to a customer the person that buys the product or the consumer the person that wears DONFI’S T-shirt. In this companies case they provide a product range to both. This company is not big enough to sell forming as a chain of distribution because they don’t have the quantity (although they could get it). What DONFI does is realise who their target market is all and sell to them. PRICE- DONFI realised straight away that if the price wasn’t right they would not succeed. This means that the price needs to suit the quality of the product as well as being suited to your target consumers. DONFI attempted to sell shirts at  £15 to begin with but then realised that they were not grabbing the attention of the customer so by lowering the price to  £10 the company was able to break even and start making profit. This method they used is known as cost-plus pricing, where they add a profit mark up to the unit cost. PROMOTION- the main aims are to inform and make people aware of the product being sold. So DONFI did this by distributing flyers, word of mouth and advertising their product on the internet and on TV screens where all students will be made aware of the product. Sales promotions during events were advertised with new flyers to attract more people to buy for the event being advertised. Also by highlighting promotions e.g. 1 T-shirt for  £7 or 2 T-shirts for  £10 attracts customers wanting a good deal. PLACE- DONFI needed to think of the most cost effective way to get the product across to the consumer. DONFI attempted direct marketing on the internet by saying if you were interested in the shirts then contact the Managing Director direct.